Phpcms 2008/linux环境搭建
来自站长百科
系统约定[ ]
- 软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
- 源码包编译安装位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name
- 脚本以及维护程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin
- MySQL 数据库位置:/var/lib/mysql(可按情况设置)
- Apache 网站根目录:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)
- Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录:/home/www/logs(可按情况设置)
- Apache 运行账户:www:www
系统环境部署及调整[ ]
检查系统是否正常[ ]
# more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息) # dmesg(检查硬件设备是否有错误信息) # ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确) # ping www.163.com(检查网络是否正常)
关闭不需要的服务[ ]
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:
- atd
- crond
- irqbalance
- microcode_ctl
- network
- sendmail
- sshd
- syslog
重新启动系统[ ]
# init 6
配置vim[ ]
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
使用yum程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)[ ]
- yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel
libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步[ ]
# crontab -e 加入一行: */30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
源码编译安装所需包 (Source)[ ]
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz # cd gd-2.0.34 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2 # make # make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xjvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.bz2 # cd libxml2-2.6.30 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2 # make # make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 # cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 # ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt # make # make install
(4) Apache日志截断程序
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xzvf cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz # cd cronolog-1.7.0-beta # ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog # make # make install
升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH[ ]
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz # cd openssl-0.9.8e # ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl # make # make test # make install # cd .. # tar xzvf openssh-4.7p1.tar.gz # cd openssh-4.7p1 # ./configure \ "--prefix=/usr" \ "--with-pam" \ "--with-zlib" \ "--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \ "--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \ "--with-md5-passwords" # make # make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 协议 找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改为:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登录
此处先建立一个普通系统用户:
# useradd username # passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改为:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服务器端GSSAPI
找到以下两行,并将它们注释:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名称解析
找到:
#UseDNS yes
改为:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客户端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
将这行注释掉。
最后,确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务
# service sshd restart # ssh -v
确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。
编译安装L.A.M.P环境[ ]
下载软件[ ]
# cd /usr/local/src httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2 mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz php-5.2.4.tar.bz2 ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
安装MySQL[ ]
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz # mv mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/ # ln -s /usr/local/ mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql # useradd mysql # chown -R mysql:root /usr/local/mysql/ # cd /usr/local/mysql # ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql # cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chown root:root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld # chkconfig --level 3 5 mysqld on # cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf # mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql # chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ # vi /etc/my.cnf
修改以下内容:
(1) 在 [mysql] 段增加一行:
default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5
(2) 在 [mysqld] 段增加或修改:
datadir = /var/lib/mysql --skip-innodb default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5 --wait-timeout = 3 | 5 | 10 max_connections = 256 | 384 | 512 max_connect_errors = 10000000 thread_concurrency = CPU个数×2
将 log-bin 注释
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'
编译安装Apache[ ]
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xjvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2 # cd httpd-2.2.6 # ./configure \ "--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \ "--with-included-apr" \ "--enable-so" \ "--enable-deflate=shared" \ "--enable-expires=shared" \ "--enable-rewrite=shared" \ "--enable-static-support" \ "--disable-userdir" # make # make install # echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local
编译安装PHP[ ]
# cd /usr/local/src # tar xjvf php-5.2.4.tar.bz2 # cd php-5.2.4 # ./configure \ "--prefix=/usr/local/php" \ "--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \ "--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \ "--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \ "--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \ "--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \ "--with-jpeg-dir" \ "--with-png-dir" \ "--with-bz2" \ "--with-freetype-dir" \ "--with-iconv-dir" \ "--with-zlib-dir " \ "--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \ "--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \ "--enable-soap" \ "--enable-gd-native-ttf" \ "--enable-ftp" \ "--enable-mbstring" \ "--enable-exif" \ "--disable-ipv6" \ "--disable-cgi" \ "--disable-cli" # make # make install # mkdir /usr/local/php/etc # cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
整合Apache与PHP[ ]
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule>
将该行改为
<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php </IfModule>
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号,取消注释。
注意:以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置! 修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升PHP安全性[ ]
在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php脚本,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
设置为:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open, proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog, readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
服务器安全性设置[ ]
设置系统防火墙:
# vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash # Stop iptables service first service iptables stop # Load FTP Kernel modules /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp # Inital chains default policy /sbin/iptables -F -t filter /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Enable Native Network Transfer /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept Established Connections /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # ICMP Control /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT # WWW Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # FTP Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT # SSH Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh # echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local # /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh