Discuz! X1.5/Linux 环境搭建推
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一、系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置:/var/lib/MySQL(可按情况设置)
Apache 网站根目录:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录:/home/www/logs(可按情况设置)
Apache 运行账户:www:www
二、系统环境部署及调整
1、检查系统是否正常
# more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息) # dmesg(检查硬件设备是否有错误信息) #cat /proc/cpuinfo (检查[[CPU]]频率是否正常) #top (按1检测CPU核数是否正常,[[内存]]大小是否正常) # ifconfig(检查[[网卡]]设置是否正确) # ping www.163.com(检查[[网络]]是否正常)
2、关闭不需要的服务
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
关闭SElinux:修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 为 disabled
3、更换快速源
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.old # wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/CentOS-Base.repo.5 # mv CentOS-Base.repo.5 CentOS-Base.repo # yum update
4、使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)
# yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-deve
5、定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
- /30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
6、下载程序包
请到各程序官方网站下载最新的稳定版本存放到/usr/local/src/目录
Apache 当前稳定版 2.2.15
http://apache.securedservers.com/httpd/
PHP 当前稳定版5.2.13
Mysql 当前稳定版5.0.86
Zend 当前稳定版3.3.3
Memcache 当前稳定版2.2.5
http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache/
Memcached 当前稳定版1.4.5
http://memcached.googlecode.com
文中的配置文件和脚本限于篇幅,请到以下地址下载
Apache控制脚本
Apache配置文件
http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd.conf
以上列出的程序最新稳定版下载列表
http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list
在 /usr/local/src目录下执行
wget http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list
wget -i lamp_tools.list
7、创建web运行用户
#groupadd www #useradd -g www www #mkdir -p /home/www/wwwroot #chmod +w /home/www/wwwroot # chown www:www /home/www/wwwroot -R
8、重新启动
# init 6
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境
1、安装MySQL
# cd /usr/local/src # tar zxvf mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23.tar.gz # mv mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23 /usr/local/ # ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23/ /usr/local/mysql #groupadd mysql #useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin #chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.0.86-linux-i686-icc-glibc23/ # cd /usr/local/mysql # ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld # chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on # cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf # mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql # chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
编辑/etc/my.cnf
在 [mysqld] 段增加
datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-innodb wait-timeout = 10 max_connections = 512 max_connect_errors = 10000000 在 [mysqld] 段修改
max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_cache_size = CPU个数*2 将 log-bin 注释
service mysqld start
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password password
其中引号内的 password 是要设置的 root 密码
2、编译安装Apache
# cd /usr/local/src/ # tar jxvf httpd-2.2.15.tar.bz2 # cd httpd-2.2.15/ # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-module=rewrite --disable-access --disable-auth --disable-charset-lite --disable-include --disable- log-config --disable-env --disable-setenvif --disable-mime --disable-status --disable-autoindex --disable-asis --disable-cgid --disable-cgi --disable-negotiation --disable-dir --disable-actions --disable-userdir --disable-alias --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=' access auth auth_anon auth_dbm auth_digest dav dav_fs actions alias asis autoindex cache cern_meta cgi charset_lite deflate dir disk_cache env expires file_cache headers include info log_config logio mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias' # make # make install # cd /usr/local/src/ # mv /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.old # cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf # cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd /etc/init.d/httpd # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd # chkconfig --add httpd # chkconfig httpd on
3、编辑安装PHP所需的支持库
Libiconv
# cd /usr/local/src/ # tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz # cd libiconv-1.13.1/ # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local # make # make install # cd .. Libmcrypt # tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz # cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 # ./configure # make # make install # /sbin/ldconfig # cd libltdl/ # ./configure --enable-ltdl-install # make # make install # cd /usr/local/src/ Mhash # tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz # cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ # ./configure # make # make install # cd .. # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la $ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so $ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 $ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 $ ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config # tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz # cd mcrypt-2.6.8 # /sbin/ldconfig # ./configure # make # make install
4、编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src # tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz # cd php-5.2.13 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/etc --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with- png-dir=/usr --enable-magic-quotes --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable- gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-iconv-dir=/usr /local --with-xmlrpc --enable-xml --enable-shmop --enable-zip --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --enable-discard-path --enable-bcmath --enable-inline- optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --with-openssl # make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' # make install # ./libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.2.13/libs # cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/etc/php.ini # echo 'ulimit -SHn 65535' >> /etc/rc.local # service httpd start
5、安装PHP扩展模块(Discuz! X1.5 用户选装)
Memcache
# cd /usr/local/src # tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz # cd memcache-2.2.5/ # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config # make # make install
修改php.ini文件,路径/usr/local/etc/
查找:
extension_dir = "./" 修改成:
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 在此句下面一行
添加:extension = "memcache.so"
查找:
output_buffering = Off 修改成:
output_buffering = On 保存。
Memcached
# cd /usr/local/src # tar zxvf libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz # cd libevent-1.4.13-stable # ./configure --prefix=/usr/lib # make # make install # cd ../ # tar zxvf memcached-1.4.5.tar.gz # cd memcached-1.4.5 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-libevent=/usr/lib/ # make # make install # /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u www -m 128
-p 监听的TCP端口 (缺省: 11211)
-d 以守护进程方式运行 以守护进程方式运行 Memcached Memcached
-u 运行运行 Memcached的账户 非root用户
-m 最大的内存使用单位是MB 缺省是64MB
-c 软连接数量缺省是1024
-v 输出警告和错误信息
-vv 打印客户端的请求和返回信息
-h 打印帮助信息
-i 打印memcached和libevent的版权信息
6、安装Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src # tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz # cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386 # ./install
Please specify the location for installing
Zend Optimizer:
这里填写Zend的安装路径,按下面写即可
/usr/local/Zend
Confirm the location of your
php.ini file:
这里填写的是php.ini的路径,按下面写即可
/usr/local/etc
Are you using Apache Web server?
这里选YES
Apache的控制组件路径
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
是否重启Apache,YES,回车
7、查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
保存以下内容为info.php到/home/www/wwwroot/,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
<? Phpinfo() ?> 确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,编辑/usr/local/etc/php.ini进行设置提升PHP安全性。
找到:
disable_functions =
在等号后添加下面的函数名字
exec,system,passthru,shell_exec,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,proc_open,dl,popen,show_source syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
四、服务器安全性设置
设置系统防火墙
# vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash # Stop iptables service first service iptables stop # Load FTP Kernel modules /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp # Inital chains default policy /sbin/iptables -F -t filter /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Enable Native Network Transfer /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept Established Connections /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # ICMP Control /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT # WWW Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # FTP Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT # SSH Service /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh # echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local # /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh